However, during this chapter content evaluation is treated as quantitative, and hence outside programming scope of this survey, on programming grounds that it i transforms phenomena into numerical counts of one kind or an alternate and ii typically makes an attempt programmers statistically relate these counts programmers some broader factors or variables. For useful introductions programmers content material evaluation related programmers psychological topics see Holsti 1969 and Krippendorf 1980. For identical purposes repertory grid evaluation related with personal build theory, and programming Q methodology built by William Stephenson, have occasionally been treated as qualitative. The motive for this was probably that they were often focused on knowing programming reasoning or cognitive organization of single individuals instead of operating solely from inhabitants statistics. However, as they involve quantitative manipulation of elicited responses from contributors they are not handled here. The ideographic/nomathetic contrast will be handled as orthogonal programmers programming qualitative/quantitative one!For available introductions programmers these procedures, see Smith 1995 on repertory grid methods and Stainton Rogers 1995 on Q methodology.